Each of them play special function in different economic parts and the result of all the markets has formed macro-economic environment and it directs macro-economic variables. One of them is money market in the arena of macro-economy in the country in which financial resources are injected into the economy through bank mechanism and then it is received and focused in banks. However, the resources are separate from those transferred in financial or other markets. Thus, bank networks in the world containing high volume of liquidity of economy have been likened to body’s vessels that send and receive blood into the body continuously. Therefore, bank network, because of high percentage of concentration from existing financial resources in the economy, can be influential extremely in directing economy and achieving economic goals. For instance, the total assets of the banking network have been 696 trillion Tomans according to the statistics of the Central Bank in 2010. 29.9 trillion Tomans was for governmental banks and 54.2 trillion was for the assets of non-governmental banks and credit institutions. The available liquidity in the economy has been 294.8 trillion Tomans while all the output of the economy in 2010 was 767.8 trillion Tomans. In fact, the total assets of bank network were 91 percent and the available liquidity in the economy was 38 percent. These percentages indicate the importance of banking system in the economy well.

One of the important points in effecting banking system in the macro-economy of the country is the style of existing and popular banking in the economic system. Regardless of the category of banking systems such as developmental, commercial, and Islamic, new categorization of banking can be presented. According to it, there are two types of banking operations: The first is related to banking functions that is the usual banking practices is considered as a part of essential functions of the banking system in the economy, but some of the banking methods are among banking policies at the micro level and the macro level of national banking and generally originated from economic, social and cultural principles. These types of banking practices have specialized functions and they are very effective in directing national macroeconomic; for example personal banking can be noted as one of the first banking practices considered as the most common way of banking operations. Presenting public banking services is related to the duties of bank and banking such as public facilities, booths banking services, internet banking services and etc. The second banking practices is the result of the orientation of banking system created in the wake of exclusive purposes of banks or economic goals and because of the diversity and variety in the objectives of macro-economic purposes has the more variety than the first method. . In this category of banking practices there are two different ways based on the ultimate and general goals; bank-based and macro-based goals. Bank-based goals are those relevant to the request and direction of the banks and they are based on the growth and further development of the bank as a priority, such as: profitability and attracting more customers to earn more profit. Macro-oriented goals are defined outside the profitable banking framework.

In fact, banking methods are created with the goal of presenting distinct services to the rich, small businesses and companies to increase their profitability. And prepare the ground for the development of banks. It can be said that these banking methods try to focus on customers’ needs and create banking and financial products proportional to the effective and exact response to the customers’ needs. . But for a different kind of banking practices based on the goals, banking development and social banking can be noted. In these types of banking practices, generally several targets are considered as the main goals. For example, the main objectives of development banking, protectionism, create prosperity, create jobs or reduce unemployment, increase the competitiveness of the national economy, increase competitiveness in the international economy, etc.

But it is necessary specific and particular type of banking to be mentioned. It can be considered as a missing link in banking methods as a result of societies’ need and economies in removing existing fundamental problems. This banking method or in more exact definition banking system is social banking. Social banking is one of the banking methods dates back to about one hundred years ago, but 1970s is the advent of social financial institutions. It is the peak position of the banking system in 2007 and 2010, coinciding with the financial crisis in America and Europe, and the support of social movements around the world. In fact, since the first half of the twentieth century, that did not have a result of the global crisis but increase poverty and the concentration of wealth, social and economic movement tried to take important steps in designing ideal society regarding economic dimensions with the help of social activists and they have tried to be serious sponsors for global economy. The reason of this tendency was the approaches that the banks selected for themselves.

Source: ILNA News Agency

News Code: 319943